Scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL; Pasadena, CA)
are developing an endoscope with a miniature stereo camera designed to
produce 3D images from inside the brain to assist in brain surgery. The
camera is a mere 4 mm in diameter and 15 mm long.
The
endoscope, the multi-angle rear-viewing endoscopic tool (MARVEL),
includes a bendable neck that can sweep left or right, looking around
corners with up to a 120° arc.
"With one of the world's
smallest 3D cameras, MARVEL is designed for minimally invasive brain
surgery," says Harish Manohara, principal investigator of the project at
JPL. Manohara is working in collaboration with surgeon Dr. Hrayr
Shahinian at the Skull Base Institute (Los Angeles, CA), who approached
JPL to create this technology.
Operations with the small
camera would not require the traditional open craniotomy, a procedure in
which surgeons take out large parts of the skull. Craniotomies result
in higher costs and longer stays in hospitals than surgery using an
endoscope.
Single camera
Stereo imaging
endoscopes that employ traditional dual-camera systems are already in
use for minimally invasive surgeries elsewhere in the body; however,
surgery on the brain requires even more miniaturization. As a result,
the JPL researchers designed MARVEL to have only one camera and lens.
To generate 3D images, MARVEL's camera has two separate apertures, each
offset laterally in the opposite direction of the other and each with
its own color filter. Each filter transmits three narrow spectral bands
of red, green and blue light, while blocking the bands to which the
other filter is sensitive. The system includes a light source that
produces all six of the filters' spectral bands. The result is two
full-color stereo images that can be merged to create a 3D effect.
Now
that the researchers have demonstrated a laboratory prototype, the next
step is to create a clinical prototype that meets the requirements of
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The researchers will refine the
engineering of the tool to make it suitable for use in real-world
medical settings.
Possible use in space exploration
In the future, the MARVEL camera technology could also have
applications for space exploration, according to JPL. A miniature camera
such as this could be put on small robots that explore other planets,
delivering intricate 3D views of geological features of interest.
"You can implement a zoom function and get close-up images showing the
surface roughness of rock and other microscopic details," says Manohara.
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Source: http://en.ofweek.com/news/Miniature-3D-camera-is-designed-for-brain-surgery-33492
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